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Нападение на дом Фатимы в суннитских источниках

2026-02-23T05:37:36Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{سوال}}
آیا ماجرای هجوم به خانه حضرت فاطمه(س) در منابع اهل سنت نیز مورد اشاره قرار گرفته است؟
{{پایان سوال}}
{{پاسخ}}
{{درگاه|فاطمیه}}Some [[Sunnis]] have stated that there is no authentic evidence in their sources regarding the incident of the [[Attack on Fatima's house|attack on Fatima's house]] and the miscarriage of [[Muhsin ibn Ali|Muhsin ibn Ali (a.s.)]] during this event. They also consider the explicit mention of [[Martyrdom of Fatima (s.a.)|Fatima's martyrdom]] to be without reliable documentation in historical and narrative sources. However, numerous sources among Sunni historical and narrative books refer to the attack on Fatima's house by [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] and by order of [[Abu Bakr]], some of which are considered trustworthy by Sunni scholars.

==Attack on the house in Sunni sources==
In Sunni sources, both historical and narrative, the incident of the attack on Fatima's house (s.a.) has been mentioned. The most important of these are listed below:
* [[Ibn Abi Shaybah]], one of the great Sunni scholars (d. 235 AH), narrates a tradition about Umar ibn al-Khattab's attack on Fatima Zahra's house in his book ''Musannaf fi al-Ahadith wa al-Athar'': {{متن عربی|حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، نا عُبَیدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا زَیدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِیهِ أَسْلَمَ أَنَّهُ حِینَ بُویعَ لِأَبِی بَکرٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَسَلَّمَ کانَ عَلِی وَالزُّبَیرُ یدْخُلَانِ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَیشَاوِرُونَهَا وَیرْتَجِعُونَ فِی أَمْرِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِک عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَرَجَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ فَقَالَ: «یا بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَیهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاللَّهِ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَینَا مِنْ أَبِیک، وَمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَینَا بَعْدَ أَبِیک مِنْک، وَایمُ اللَّهِ مَا ذَاک بِمَانِعِی إِنِ اجْتَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرُ عِنْدَک، أَنْ أَمَرْتُهُمْ أَنْ یحَرَّقَ عَلَیهِمِ الْبَیتُ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ عُمَرُ جَاءُوهَا فَقَالَتْ: تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَدْ جَاءَنِی وَقَدْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ لَئِنْ عُدْتُمْ لَیحَرِّقَنَّ عَلَیکمُ الْبَیتَ وَایمُ اللَّهِ لَیمْضِینَّ لِمَا حَلَفَ عَلَیهِ…|translation=When people pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, Ali and Zubayr were consulting in Fatima's house. This news reached Umar ibn al-Khattab. He came to Fatima's house and said: O daughter of the Messenger of God! Your father is the most beloved person to us, and after him, you are the most beloved to us. But by God, this love will not prevent me from ordering them to burn the house down if these people gather in your house. He said this and left. When Ali [a.s.] and Zubayr returned home, the noble daughter of the Prophet said to Ali [a.s.] and Zubayr: Umar came to me and swore by God that if you gather again, he will burn the house down on you. By God, he will carry out what he swore!}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=المُصَنَّف فی الأحادیث والآثار|سال=1409|نام=عبدullah ibn Muhammad|نام خانوادگی=Abi Shaybah|ناشر=Dar al-Fikr|جلد=8|صفحه=572|زبان=عربی|مکان=Beirut|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Baladhuri]] (d. 279 AH), in his book ''[[Ansab al-Ashraf]]'', narrates an account of taking allegiance from Ali (a.s.), writing: {{متن عربی|بعث أبوبکر عمربن الخطاب إلى علی حین قعد عن بیعته، و قال: ائتنی به بأعنف العنف…|translation=When Ali refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr sent Umar ibn al-Khattab after him and told him: Bring Ali to me with the utmost harshness!...}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=أنساب الأشراف|سال=1417|نام=Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir|نام خانوادگی=al-Baladhuri|ناشر=Dar al-Fikr|جلد=1|صفحه=587|زبان=عربی|مکان=Beirut|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Baladhuri]], a great Sunni hadith scholar, narrates: Abu Bakr sent for Ali (a.s.) to pledge allegiance, but Ali (a.s.) refused. Then Umar moved with a torch (flammable material) and met Fatima at the door of the house. Fatima said: O son of Khattab, I see you are trying to burn my house! Umar said: Yes, this act helps what your father was sent for!<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Ansab al-Ashraf|سال=1338|نام=Ahmad ibn Yahya|نام خانوادگی=Baladhuri|ناشر=Mu'assasat al-A'lami li al-Matbu'at|صفحه=586|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Qutaybah]] writes: Abu Bakr inquired about those who refused to pledge allegiance to him and gathered in Ali's house, and sent Umar after them. He came to Ali's house and called everyone to come out, but they refused. At this point, Umar asked for firewood and said: By God, in whose hand is Umar's soul, either you come out or I will burn the house with you in it. A man said to Umar: O [[Abu Hafs]] (Umar's kunya), Fatima, the Prophet's daughter, is in this house. He said: So be it! Ibn Qutaybah continues this story in a more burning and painful way, saying: Umar, along with a group, came to Fatima's door, knocked on the door. When Fatima heard their voices, she cried out loudly: O Messenger of God, after you, what calamities have befallen us from the son of Khattab and the son of Abu Quhafah! The people who were with Umar, when they heard Zahra's voice and her crying, turned back; but Umar remained with a group and brought Ali out of the house, took him to Abu Bakr, and told him: Pledge allegiance; Ali (a.s.) said: What happens if I don't pledge allegiance? They said: By God, besides whom there is no god, we will cut off your neck.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah|سال=1410|نام=Abdullah ibn Muslim|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Qutaybah|ناشر=Dar al-Adwa'|صفحه=12|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari]] I (d. 310 AH), in his book ''[[Tarikh al-Tabari]]'', narrates an account of the attack on Fatima Zahra's house (s.a.): {{متن عربی|حدثنا ابن حمید قال حدثنا جریر عن مغیرة عن زیاد بن کلیب قال: «أتى عمر بن الخطاب منزل علی وفیه طلحة والزبیر ورجال من المهاجرین فقال والله لاحرقن علیکم أو لتخرجن إلى البیعة فخرج علیه الزبیر مصلتا بالسیف فعثر فسقط السیف من یده فوثبوا علیه فأخذوه|translation=Umar ibn al-Khattab came to the house of Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s.), and Talha, Zubayr, and some of the Muhajireen were in the house. He shouted: By God, I will burn you down or you will come out and pledge allegiance...}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk|سال=|نام=Abi Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir|نام خانوادگی=al-Tabari|ناشر=al-A'lami li al-Matbu'at|جلد=2|صفحه=443|زبان=عربی|مکان=Beirut|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Tabari]] writes: Umar ibn al-Khattab came to Ali's house, where a group of Muhajireen had gathered. He turned to them and said: Zubayr came out of the house with a drawn sword. Suddenly, his foot slipped, the sword fell from his hand, and others rushed at him and seized him.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Tarikh Tabari|سال=303|نام=Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid|نام خانوادگی=Tabari|جلد=2|صفحه=443}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abd Rabbih]] (d. 328 AH), regarding the night of the attack on Fatima's house (s.a.), writes: {{متن عربی|اَلَّذِینَ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ بَیْعَهِ أبِی‌بَکرٍ… فَأمّا عَلِیٌّ وَ الْعَبّاسُ وَ الزُبَیْرُ فَقَعَدُوا فِی بَیْتِ فاطِمَهَ حَتّی بَعَثَ إلَیْهِمْ أبُوبَکرٍ، عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطّابِ؛ لِیُخْرِجَهُمْ مِنْ بَیْتِ فاطِمَهَ، وَ قالَ لَهُ:إنْ أبَوْا فَقاتِلْهُمْ! فَأقْبَلَ عُمَرُ بِقَبَسٍ مِنْ نارٍ عَلی أنْ یُضْرِمَ عَلَیْهِمُ الدّارَ…|translation=Those who refused to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr… As for Ali, Abbas, and Zubayr, they remained in Fatima's house until Abu Bakr sent Umar ibn al-Khattab to them to bring them out of Fatima's house, and he told him: If they refuse, fight them! So Umar came with a torch of fire to set the house on fire with them.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=al-Iqd al-Farid|سال=1353|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abd Rabbih|ناشر=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah|جلد=3|صفحه=64|زبان=عربی|مکان=Cairo|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Mas'udi]] (d. 346 AH)<ref group="یادداشت">There are disagreements among researchers regarding Mas'udi's personality. Sunni sources indicate that he was a follower of the Sunni sect. Dhahabi identifies Mas'udi as a Mu'tazilite and mentions this in his works, including ''Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'' and ''Tadhkirat al-Huffaz''. In contrast, Subki in ''al-Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra'' refers to him as a follower of the Shafi'i school. This diversity of views indicates a difference of opinion among historical sources regarding his religious affiliation. (See: Shahroudi, Ali (1403). "A Study of the Chain of Narration of the Attack on Fatima Zahra's House in Shi'i Sources." ''Islamical''. First (1): 6–40.)</ref> writes in his book "[[Muruj al-Dhahab]]": {{متن عربی|وَ کانَ عُروَةُ بنُ الزُبَیرِ یُعَذِّرُ أخاهُ عَبدَاللهِ فِی حَصرِ بَنِـی‌هاشِـمٍ فِی الشِعبِ وَ جَمعِهِ الحَطَبَ لِیُحرِقَهُم وَ یَقُولُ: إنَّما أرادَ بِذلِک ألّا تَنتَشِرَ الکلِمَةُ وَ لایَختَلِفَ المُسلِمُونَ وَ أن یَدخُلُوا فِی الطاعَةِ فَتَکونَ الکلِمَةُ واحِدَةً، کما فَعَلَ عُمَرُبنُ الخَطّابِ بِبَنِی‌هاشِمٍ لَمّا تَأخَّرُوا عَن بَیعَـةِ أبِی‌بَکرٍ، فَإنَّهُ أحضَرَ الحَطَبَ لِیُحرِقَ عَلَیهِم الدارَ.|translation=Urwah ibn al-Zubayr excused his brother Abdullah [ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam] for besieging Banu Hashim in the valley [in Mecca] and gathering firewood to burn them, saying: He only intended by that that discord and dispersion should not occur, and that Muslims should not differ, and that they (Banu Hashim) should enter into obedience, so that the word would be one; just as Umar ibn al-Khattab did with Banu Hashim when they delayed pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr, for he brought firewood to burn the house down on them.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Muruj al-Dhahab|سال=1283|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Mas'udi|ناشر=Bulaq|جلد=2|صفحه=79|زبان=عربی|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Juwayni]] (d. 730 AH), a Sunni scholar, narrates from [[Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)]] in his book "[[Fara'id al-Simtayn]]": {{متن عربی|أنبأنی الشیخ ابوطالب علی بن أنجب بن عبید الله بن الخازن عن کتاب الامام برهان الدین أبی الفتح ناصر بن أبی المکارم المطرزی عن أبی المؤید ابن الموفق، أنبانا علی بن أحمد بن موسی الدقاق قال: أنبانا محمد ابن أبی عبدالله الکوفی، قال: أنبانا موسى بن عمران النخعی، عن عمه الحسین بن یزید النوفلی، عن الحسن بن علی بن أبی حمزة، عن أبیه، عن سعید بن جبیر، عن ابن‌عباس، قال: إن رسول‌الله صلى الله علیه وآله قال: «... وأما ابنتی فاطمة، فإنها سیدة نساء العالمین من الاولین والآخرین، وهی بضعة منی، و… إنی لما رأیتها ذکرت ما یصنع بها بعدی، کأنی بها وقد دخل الذل بیتها، وانتهکت حرمتها، وغصبت حقها، ومنعت إرثها، وکسر جنبها، وأسقطت جنینها، وهی تنادی: یا محمداه، فلا تجاب، وتستغیث فلا تغاث، فلا تزال بعدی محزونة مکروبة باکیة،... ثم یبتدئ بها الوجع فتمرض… فتقول عند ذلک: یا رب، إنی قد سئمت الحیاة، وتبرمت بأهل الدنیا، فألحقنی بأبی. فیلحقها الله عز وجل بی، فتکون أول من یلحقنی من أهل بیتی، فتقدم علی محزونة مکروبة مغمومة مغصوبة مقتولة، فأقول عند ذلک: اللهم العن من ظلمها، وعاقب من غصبها، وأذل من أذلها، وخلد فی نارک من ضرب جنبها حتى ألقت ولدها، فتقول الملائکة عند ذلک: آمین…»|translation=Ibn Abbas says: The Messenger of God (PBUH) said: "As for my daughter Fatima, she is the mistress of the women of the worlds, from the first to the last, and she is a part of me... When I see her, I remember what will be done to her after me. It is as if I see humiliation entering her house, her sanctity violated, her right usurped, her inheritance denied, her side broken, her fetus aborted, and she cries out: 'O Muhammad!' but receives no answer. She seeks help, but no one helps her. After me, she will remain sorrowful, distressed, and weeping... Then pain will begin for her, and she will fall ill... At that point, she will say: 'O Lord, I have grown weary of life and disgusted with the people of this world, so join me with my father.' So God Almighty will join her with me, and she will be the first of my household to join me. She will come to me sorrowful, distressed, grieved, usurped, and killed. At that point, the Messenger of God (PBUH) said: 'O God, curse whoever wronged her, punish whoever usurped her right, humiliate whoever humiliated her, and eternally condemn to your fire whoever struck her side until she aborted her child.' At that, the angels will say: 'Amen...'}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Fara'id al-Simtayn fi Fada'il al-Murtada wa al-Batul wa al-Sibṭayn wa al-A'immah min Dhurriyyatihim|سال=1428|نام=Ibrahim|نام خانوادگی=al-Juwayni al-Khorasani|ناشر=Dar al-Habib|جلد=2|صفحه=34|زبان=عربی|مکان=Qom|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Abu al-Fida]] (d. 732 AH), a Sunni historian, writes about the incident of taking allegiance from [[Ali (a.s.)]] as follows: {{متن عربی|وکذلک تخلف عن بیعه أبی بکر أبو سفیان من بنی أمیه ثم إن أبا بکر بعث عمر بن الخطاب إِلى علی ومن معه لیخرجهم من بیت فاطمه رضی الله عنها، وقال: إِن أبوا علیک فقاتلهم. فأقبل عمر بشیء من نار على أن یضرم الدار، فلقیته فاطمه رضی الله عنها وقالت: إِلى أین یا ابن الخطاب؟ أجئت لتحرق دارنا؟ قال: نعم.|translation=And among those who did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr was Abu Sufyan from Banu Umayyah. Then Abu Bakr sent Umar ibn al-Khattab to Ali and those with him to bring them out of Fatima's house (may God be pleased with her), and he said: If they refuse, fight them. So Umar came with some fire to set the house ablaze; and in this state, he came to the door of Fatima Zahra's house (peace be upon her). At this moment, Fatima Zahra (peace be upon her) said: What are you doing, O son of Khattab? Have you come to burn our house? Umar said: Yes!}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al-Bashar|سال=|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Abu al-Fida|ناشر=Intisharat al-Matba'ah al-Husayniyyah al-Misriyyah|جلد=1|صفحه=164|زبان=عربی|مکان=Cairo|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Umar Rida Kahhalah]] (d. 1408 AH), a renowned Sunni researcher and author, states in his book ''[[A'lam al-Nisa]]'', after quoting [[Ibn Qutaybah]]'s narration in ''[[al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah]]'': {{متن عربی|وقال عمر: والذى نفس عمر بیده لتخرجنّ أو لأحرقنّها على من فیها! فقیل له: یا أباحفص إنّ فیها فاطمه!! فقال: وإن.|translation=Umar said: 'By Him in whose hand is Umar's soul, you shall come out, or I will burn it down with whoever is in it!' He was told: 'O Abu Hafs, Fatima is in it!!' He replied: 'Even if she is!'}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=A'lam al-Nisa|سال=1283|نام=Umar Rida|نام خانوادگی=Kahhalah|ناشر=Mu'assasat al-Risalah|جلد=4|صفحه=114|زبان=عربی|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>

==Views of Sunni scholars==
Despite the denial by some Sunni scholars regarding the existence of authentic hadiths and reports in Shi'i sources to prove the attack on Fatima's house (s.a.), numerous hadiths and reports in Sunni sources also refer to the martyrdom of Fatima (s.a.) and the attack on her house. The views of some Sunni scholars are mentioned below:
* [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid al-Mu'tazili]] (d. 656 AH) narrates from his teacher, Abu Ja'far al-Naqib, a statement about the miscarriage of [[Muhsin ibn Ali (a.s.)]]. In this narration, he says: {{متن عربی|إذا کانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلّی الله علیه وآله أباحَ دَمَ هَبّارِ بنِ الأسوَدِ، لِأنَّهُ رَوَّعَ زَینَبَ فَألقَت ذا بَطنِها، فَظَهَرَ الحالُ أنَّهُ لَو کانَ حَیّاً لَأباحَ دَمَ مَن رَوَّعَ فاطِمَةَ حَتّی ألقَت ذا بَطنِها.» فَقُلتُ: أروِی عَنک مایَقُولُهُ قَومٌ: «إنَّ فاطِمَةَ رُوِّعَت فَألقَت المُحسِنَ.»؟ فَقالَ: «لاتَروِهِ عَنِّی وَ لا تَروِ عَنِّی بُطلانَهُ، فَإنِّی مُتَوَقِّفٌ فِی هذا المَوضِعِ|translation=If the Messenger of God (PBUH) permitted the shedding of the blood of Habbar ibn al-Aswad because he frightened Zaynab, causing her to miscarry, then it is clear that if he were alive, he would have permitted the shedding of the blood of whoever frightened Fatima (a.s.) until she miscarried. [Ibn Abi al-Hadid says:] I said: 'Shall I narrate from you what some people say: "Fatima (a.s.) was frightened and miscarried Muhsin"?' He replied: 'Do not narrate it from me, nor narrate its falsehood from me, for I am hesitant on this matter [and I remain silent!].'}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah Ibn Abi al-Hadid|سال=|نام=|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abi al-Hadid|ناشر=Isma'iliyan|جلد=14|صفحه=193|زبان=عربی|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref> Abu Ja'far al-Naqib, by comparing the incident of Muhsin ibn Ali's miscarriage with the incident of Zaynab bint Rasul (PBUH), emphasizes Fatima Zahra's oppression. He points to the similarity between these two incidents, where Sunnis consider Zaynab's death a martyrdom, while Fatima Zahra (s.a.), who passed away three months after her miscarriage, is often not considered a martyr. This comparison highlights the unequal approach of Sunnis to these events.<ref>{{یادکرد ژورنال|نام۱=Ali|نام خانوادگی۱=Shahroudi|سال=1403|دوره=First|شماره=1|عنوان=A Study of the Chain of Narration of the Attack on Fatima Zahra's House in Shi'i Sources|صفحه=6-40|ژورنال=Islamical}}</ref>
* [[Hasan Farhan al-Maliki]], a contemporary Sunni scholar, writes about the incident of the attack: {{متن عربی|ولکن حزب علی کان أقل عند بیعة عمر منه عند بیعة أبی بکر الصدیق نظراً لتفرقهم الأول عن علی بسبب ما رواه من بوادر الفتنهٔ آلتی انتهت بمداهمة بیت فاطمة فی أول عهد أبی بکر وإکراه بعض الصحابة الذین کانوا مع علی على بیعة أبی بکر فکانت لهذه الخصومة والمداهمة (وهی ثابتة بأسانید صحیحة) ذکرى مؤلمة لا یحبون تکرارها.|translation=However, Ali's party was smaller during Umar's allegiance than during Abu Bakr al-Siddiq's allegiance, due to their initial separation from Ali because of what was narrated about the beginnings of the sedition that ended with the raid on Fatima's house at the beginning of Abu Bakr's reign and the coercion of some companions who were with Ali to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. This hostility and raid (which is proven by authentic chains of narration) was a painful memory that they did not like to repeat.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Qira'ah fi Kutub al-Aqa'id al-Madhhab al-Hanbali Namudhajan|سال=1430|نام=Hasan ibn Farhan|نام خانوادگی=al-Maliki|ناشر=Markaz Dirasat al-Tarikhiyyah|جلد=|صفحه=46|زبان=عربی|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref> Hasan Farhan, in a footnote to the same passage, writes: {{متن عربی|کنت أظن المداهمة مکذوبة لا تصح، حتى وجدت لها أسانید قویة منها ما أخرجه ابن أبی شیبة فی المصنف بسند صحیح عن أسلم مولى عمر وغیر ذلک.|translation=I used to think the raid was a lie and not authentic, until I found strong chains of narration for it, including what Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated in his Musannaf with an authentic chain from Aslam, Umar's freed slave, and other sources.}}.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Qira'ah fi Kutub al-Aqa'id al-Madhhab al-Hanbali Namudhajan|سال=1430|نام=Hasan ibn Farhan|نام خانوادگی=al-Maliki|ناشر=Markaz Dirasat al-Tarikhiyyah|جلد=|صفحه=46|زبان=عربی|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Sayyid Hasan Husayni]], after presenting a part of the narration from Ibn Shaybah about Umar ibn al-Khattab's threat to burn Fatima Zahra's house, states regarding the source of his narration: {{متن عربی|مصنف ابن أبی شیبة وإسناده صحیح. فهذا هو الثابت الصحیح، والذی ینسجم مع روح ذلک الجیل وتزکیة الله له|translation=It is from Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah, and its chain of narration is authentic. This is what is established and authentic regarding the view of the second caliph towards Fatima Zahra (peace be upon her).}}<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Mawsu'at al-Hasan wa al-Husayn|سال=|نام=Sayyid Hasan|نام خانوادگی=Husayni|ناشر=al-Rayyan|جلد=|صفحه=191|زبان=عربی|مکان=|ویرایش=|پیوند=}}</ref>
* [[Abd al-Fattah Abd al-Maqsud]] and his book [[al-Imam Ali]], he mentions the attack on the House of Revelation in two instances in his book, and we will suffice with quoting one of them: "By Him in whose hand is Umar's soul, either you come out or I will burn the house with its inhabitants. Some who feared God and respected the Prophet's (PBUH) status after him said: Abu Hafs, Fatima is in this house. He shouted fearlessly: So be it. He approached, knocked on the door, then pounded on the door and entered the house. Ali (a.s.) appeared... The echo of Zahra's voice rose near the entrance... This was her cry for help..."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Ali ibn Abi Talib|نام=Abd al-Fattah|نام خانوادگی=Abd al-Maqsud|ناشر=Maktabat al-Rawdah al-Haydariyyah|جلد=4|صفحه‌ها=277-276}}</ref>
* [[Mas'udi in Muruj al-Dhahab]] writes: "When Abu Bakr was on his deathbed, he said: There are three things I did and wished I had not done; one of those three things was: 'I wished I had not searched Fatima's house,' and he mentioned a great deal about that."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Muruj al-Dhahab|سال=1409|نام=Ali ibn Husayn|نام خانوادگی=Mas'udi|ناشر=Mu'assasat Dar al-Hijrah|جلد=2|صفحه=301|مکان=Qom - Iran}}</ref>
* [[Dhahabi]] in his book [[Mizan al-I'tidal]] narrates from [[Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Kufi]] al-Hafiz that in the presence of Ahmad ibn Muhammad, known as Ibn Abi Darim, the Kufi hadith scholar, this report was read: "Indeed, Umar kicked Fatima until she miscarried Muhsin."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Mizan al-I'tidal|نام=Muhammad ibn Ahmad|نام خانvadegi=Dhahabi|ناشر=Dar al-Fikr|صفحه=139|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] writes: [[Muhammad ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Akbar al-Baghdadi]], the renowned literary figure and author of famous works, in his book [[al-Kamil]], narrates from Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf the story of the caliph's wishes, and it is recalled: "I wished I had not uncovered Fatima's house and left it, even if it had been closed for war."<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah|سال=1363|نام=Abd al-Hamid ibn Hibat Allah|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abi al-Hadid|ناشر=Maktabat Ayatollah al-Uzma al-Mar'ashi al-Najafi (r.a.)|جلد=2|صفحه=46|مکان=Qom - Iran}}</ref>
* [[Ibrahim ibn Sayyar]] al-Nazzam al-Mu'tazili, who was known as al-Nazzam for the beauty of his eloquent prose and poetry, narrates the incident after the presence in Fatima's house (s.a.) in several books. He says: "Indeed, Umar struck Fatima's abdomen on the day of allegiance until she miscarried Muhsin from her womb!"<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat|سال=1420|نام=Khalil ibn Aybak|نام خانوادگی=Safadi|ناشر=Dar Ihya' al-Turath al-Arabi|جلد=6|صفحه=17|مکان=Beirut Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Ibn Abd Rabbih al-Andalusi]], the author of the book [[al-Iqd al-Farid]], narrates from Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf in his book: I visited Abu Bakr during his illness to inquire about his health. After a long conversation, he said: I wish I had not done three things, and one of those three things is: I wish I had not opened Fatima's house, even though they had closed the door for battle.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Iqd al-Farid|سال=1407|نام=Ahmad ibn Muhammad|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abd Rabbih|ناشر=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah|جلد=4|صفحه=93|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref>
* [[Tabarani]] narrates: Abu Bakr, at the time of his death, expressed some wishes and said: I wish I had not done three things, I wish I had done three things, and I wish I had asked the Messenger of God three things: "As for the three things I wished I had not done, I wished I had not uncovered Fatima's house and left it..." Those three things I wished I had not done, I wished I had not violated the sanctity of Fatima's house and left it alone!<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Mu'jam Kabir Tabarani|نام=Sulayman ibn Ahmad|نام خانوادگی=Tabarani|ناشر=Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah|صفحه=62|مکان=Cairo - Egypt}}</ref>
* [[Abu Ubayd]], [[Qasim ibn Sallam]], in his book [[al-Amwal]], which is trusted by Sunni jurists, writes: [[Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]] says: I went to Abu Bakr's house during his illness to visit him. After much discussion, he said: I wish I had not done three things that I did, and I wish I had done three things that I did not do. I also wish I had asked the Prophet three things; one of those three things that I did and wished I had not done is: "I wished I had not uncovered Fatima's house and left it, even if it had been closed for war." When Abu Ubayd reaches that point, instead of the phrase: "I had not uncovered Fatima's house and left it...", he says: "So and so," and adds that he is not inclined to mention it. Although Abu Ubayd, due to religious fanaticism or another reason, refrained from stating the truth, the researchers of the book al-Amwal state in the footnote: The deleted sentences are found in the book [[Mizan al-I'tidal]], in addition to which Tabarani in his [[Mu'jam]] and [[Ibn Abd Rabbih]] in [[Iqd al-Farid]] and others have mentioned the deleted sentences.<ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=Iqd al-Farid|سال=1407|نام=Ahmad ibn Muhammad|نام خانوادگی=Ibn Abd Rabbih|ناشر=Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah|جلد=4|صفحه=93|مکان=Beirut - Lebanon}}</ref><ref>{{یادکرد کتاب|عنوان=al-Amwal|نام=Ahmad ibn Nasr|نام خانوادگی=Dawudi|ناشر=Nashr Kulliyat Azhariyyah|صفحه=144|مکان=Beirut|فصل=Footnote 4}}</ref>

==References==
{{پانویس|۲}}
{{شاخه
| شاخه اصلی = History and Biography
| شاخه فرعی۱ = History and Biography of the Infallibles
| شاخه فرعی۲ = Lady Fatima
| شاخه فرعی۳ =
}}
{{ارزیابی
| شناسه =
| عکس =
| درگاه =
| ادبیات =
| پیوند =
| ناوبری =
| تغییرمسیر =
| ارجاعات =
| ارزیابی کمی =
| ارزیابی کیفی =
| اولویت = ج
| کیفیت = خوب
}}
{{پایان متن}}

[[Category:Caliphate of Imam Ali]]

[[ar:الهجوم على بيت فاطمة الزهراء في مصادر أهل السنة]]
[[az:Fatimənin evinə hücum sünni mənbələrində]]
[[bn:সুন্নি সূত্রে ফাতিমা জাহারার বাড়িতে আক্রমণ]]
[[en:Attack on Fatima's house in Sunni sources]]
[[es:Ataque a la casa de Fátima en fuentes sunitas]]
[[fa:هجوم به خانه حضرت فاطمه در منابع اهل سنت]]
[[fr:L'attaque de la maison de Fatima dans les sources sunnites]]
[[ms:Serangan ke atas rumah Fatimah dalam sumber-sumber Ahli Sunah]]
[[ps:په سني سرچينو کې پر حضرت فاطمه د کور برید]]
[[ur:اہل سنت کے مآخذ میں حضرت فاطمہ کے گھر پر حملہ]]

Влияние заучивания Корана наизусть

2026-02-22T19:42:58Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{شروع متن}}
{{سوال}}
What are the effects of memorizing the Quran? Are there any narrations that mention the memorization of the Quran?
{{پایان سوال}}
{{پاسخ}}
{{درگاه|قرآن}}

'''Memorizing the Quran''' has numerous effects and blessings, including: companionship with angels; being among the elite and great of the Ummah; safety from divine punishment; forgiveness of sins; double reward; attaining the status of intercession; heavenly ranks; a reward similar to that of prophets; guidance; and strengthening memory.

== Memorizing the Quran as a Divine Blessing ==
[[The Holy Quran and its Objectives|The Quran]] is the greatest and highest gift from God to humanity, and its memorization is one of the divine blessings that not everyone will achieve. Continuous recitation and memorization of the Quran are factors for many divine blessings and successes, and whoever makes a habit of reciting, memorizing, and contemplating the Quranic concepts will not forget them.<ref>محمود جویباری، آموزش حفظ قرآن، ص ۱۱.</ref>

== Effects and Blessings of Memorizing the Holy Quran ==
[[Memorizing the Quran]] has effects and blessings, some of which are mentioned below.

* '''Companionship with Angels:''' Companionship with [[Angels]] is considered one of the otherworldly effects of memorizing the Holy Quran. [[Imam Sadiq (AS)|Imam Sadiq (AS)]] says: {{متن عربی|The memorizer of the Quran who acts upon it will be in the company of the messenger and righteous angels.}}<ref>كلينى، محمد بن يعقوب، الكافي، تهران، دار الکتب الاسلامیه، چاپ چهارم، ۱۴۰۷ ق، ج۲، ص۶۰۳.</ref>
* '''Elite and Great of the Ummah:''' Imam Sadiq (AS) has stated that the memorizer of the Quran will be among the great of the Ummah: {{متن عربی|The elite and great of my Ummah are the reciters, memorizers, and those who stay awake at night (for worship).}}<ref>ابن بابويه، محمد بن على، من لا يحضره الفقيه، ترجمه: غفارى، على اكبر و غفارى، محمد جواد و بلاغى، صدر، تهران، نشر صدوق‏، چاپ اول، ۱۳۶۷ش، ج۶، ص۳۴۶.</ref>
* '''Safety from Divine Punishment:''' There are promises in narrations regarding safety from divine punishment for memorizers of the Quran. [[Amir al-Mu'minin (AS)|Amir al-Mu'minin (AS)]] says: {{متن عربی|Recite the Quran and memorize it, for indeed Allah the Almighty will not punish a heart in which the Quran resides.}}<ref>مجلسى، محمد باقر بن محمد تقى، بحار الأنوار، بيروت، دار إحياء التراث العربي‏، چاپ: دوم، ۱۴۰۳ ق، ج۸۹، ص۱۹.</ref>
* '''Forgiveness of Sins:''' Being subject to divine forgiveness is another property and effect of memorizing the Quran, which is mentioned in a narration from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): {{متن عربی|Whoever recites the Quran from memory and thinks that Allah the Almighty will not forgive him, is among those who mock the divine verses.}}<ref>نوری، حسین، مستدرک الوسائل، قم، مؤسسه آل البيت عليهم السلام‏، ۱۴۰۸ق، ج۴، ص۲۶۹.</ref>
* '''Double Reward:''' A double reward is also mentioned for those who strive to memorize the Quran. Imam Sadiq (AS) said: {{متن عربی|Whoever strives to learn the Quran and memorizes it with difficulty due to poor memory, will have two rewards}}.<ref>كلينى، محمد بن يعقوب، الكافي، تهران، دار الکتب الاسلامیه، چاپ چهارم، ۱۴۰۷ ق، ج۲، ص۶۰۶.</ref>
* '''Attaining the Status of Intercession:''' The acceptance of the intercession of the Quran memorizer for their family members is one of the promises made to these individuals. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: {{متن عربی|Whoever recites the Quran (enough) to memorize it, Allah will admit him to Paradise and accept his intercession for ten members of his family upon whom the Fire was due.}}<ref>طبرسى، فضل بن حسن، مجمع البيان فی تفسیر القرآن، ترجمه: گروهی از مترجمان، تهران، فراهانی، چاپ اول، ج۱، ص۳۰.</ref>
* '''Heavenly Ranks:''' Enjoying the highest ranks of Paradise is another otherworldly promise for memorizers of the Quran. It is narrated from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): {{متن عربی|The ranks of Paradise are according to the number of verses of the Quran. When the companion of the Quran enters Paradise, it will be said to him: recite and ascend, for each verse is a rank. So there is no rank higher than that of the memorizer of the Quran.}}<ref>مجلسى، محمد باقر بن محمد تقى، بحار الأنوار، بيروت، دار إحياء التراث العربي‏، چاپ دوم، ۱۴۰۳ ق، ج۸۹، ص۲۲.</ref>
* '''A Reward Similar to that of Prophets:''' It is said that memorizers of the Quran earn a reward similar to that of prophets. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said to Salman al-Farsi: {{متن عربی|O Salman,... indeed after the prophets, the best servants to Allah are the scholars, and then the reciters and memorizers of the Quran. They die like the prophets, are resurrected with them from their graves, cross the Sirat with them, and receive their reward (from Allah).}}<ref>مجلسى، محمد باقر بن محمد تقى، بحار الأنوار، بيروت، دار إحياء التراث العربي‏، چاپ دوم، ۱۴۰۳ ق، ج۸۹، ص۱۷.</ref>
* '''Guidance:''' Imam Ali (AS) says: {{متن عربی|ترجمه=No one accompanies the Quran except that they leave it with an increase or decrease: an increase in guidance or a decrease in misguidance.}}<ref>شريف الرضي، محمد بن حسين، نهج البلاغه، قم، هجرت، چاپ اول، ۱۴۱۴ ق، ص۲۵۲، خطبه۱۷۶.</ref>
* '''Strengthening Memory:''' One of the advantages of memorizing the Holy Quran is the strengthening of memory during the memorization process, which is mentioned in narrations.<ref>ابن بابويه، محمد بن على، من لا يحضره الفقيه، قم، دفتر انتشارات اسلامى ، چاپ دوم، ۱۴۱۳ ق، ج۴، ص۳۶۵.</ref> <ref>طوسى، محمد بن الحسن، تهذيب الأحكام، تهران، دار الکتب الاسلامیه، چاپ چهارم، ۱۴۰۷ ق، ج۴، ص۱۹۱.</ref> Since memorizing this divine book depends on continuous repetition and frequent recitation, memorizing the Quran will naturally strengthen memory itself.<ref>حسینی، مجتبی، سیمای حافظان نور، صص 47 تا 53 و 61 تا 65.</ref>

== Further Reading ==
* The Effects of Memorizing the Quran and Understanding its Concepts; Mansoureh Moslemi, Mahdieh Behnejadfar
* The Book of Memorizing the Quran and its Psychological Effects; Mostafa Abbasi-Moqaddam, Mohammad Reza Tamannaeifar, Esmat Kashi

{{پایان پاسخ}}

== References ==
{{پانویس|۲}}
{{شاخه
| شاخه اصلی = Quranic Sciences and Knowledge
| شاخه فرعی۱ =
| شاخه فرعی۲ =
| شاخه فرعی۳ =
}}
{{تکمیل مقاله
| شناسه = شد
| تیترها = شد
| ویرایش = شد
| لینک‌دهی = شد
| ناوبری =
| نمایه =
| تغییر مسیر = شد
| ارجاعات =
| بازبینی کمی = شد
| بازبینی =
| تکمیل =
| اولویت = ب
| کیفیت = ب
}}
{{پایان متن}}

[[رده:قواعد عربی]]

[[ar:تأثيرات حفظ القرآن]]
[[az:Qurani-Kərimi əzbərləməyin təsirləri]]
[[bn:কুরআন মুখস্থ করার প্রভাব]]
[[en:Effects of Quran memorization]]
[[es:Efectos de la memorización del Corán]]
[[fa:تاثیرات حفظ قرآن]]
[[fr:Impacts de la mémorisation du Coran]]
[[ms:Kesan menghafal Al-Quran]]
[[ps:اغېزې د قرآن حفظولو]]
[[ur:حفظ قرآن کے اثرات]]